If you don’t know what destructor functions are, read Introduction to Constructor and Destructor functions of a Class. As the example
programs in this article makes use of the dynamic memory allocation of C++,
so please read Introduction to Dynamic Memory Allocation in C++ , in case you missed it.
When does the destructor function gets invoked
The examples below illustrates when the destructor function gets invoked:
Example 1:
//Example Program in C++
#include<iostream.h>
class myclass
{
public:
~myclass()
{
cout<<"destructed
";
}
};
void main(void)
{
myclass obj;
cout<<"inside main
";
}
OUTPUT:
inside main
destructed
Press any key to continueAs I said in the other article, destructors get invoked when the object of
a class goes out of scope. In this case, the object goes out of scope as the
program terminates. So the destructor gets invoked just before the program’s
termination.
Example 2:
//Example Program in C++
#include<iostream.h>
void myfunc(void);
class myclass
{
public:
~myclass()
{
cout<<"destructed
";
}
};
void main(void)
{
cout<<"inside main
";
myfunc();
cout<<"again inside main
";
}
void myfunc(void)
{
cout<<"inside myfunc
";
myclass obj;
cout<<"still inside myfunc
";
}
OUTPUT:
inside main
inside myfunc
still inside myfunc
destructed
again inside main
Press any key to continueIn this case, destructor function is invoked just as the program’s execution
returns from the function, but before executing any further instruction from
where it was called (main).
Example 3: In the following example we are creating a dynamically
allocated object of a class in the same way as we did with the variables.
//Example Program in C++
#include<iostream.h>
class myclass
{
public:
~myclass()
{
cout<<"destructed
";
}
};
void main(void)
{
myclass *obj;
obj=new myclass;
cout<<"inside main
";
delete obj;
cout<<"still inside main
";
}OUTPUT:
inside main
destructed
still inside main
Press any key to continueHere the programmer is explicitly destroying the object, hence the destructor
function is called.
Now that you know some details about the destructor function, let me give you
a practical example of the use of destructor function:
//Example Program in C++
#include<iostream.h>
class myclass
{
int *number;
public:
myclass(int num)
{
number=new int[num];
}
~myclass()
{
delete []number;
}
void input_num(int index, int num)
{
number[index]=num;
}
int output_num(int index)
{
return number[index];
}
};
void main(void)
{
int size, num;
cout<<"enter number of elments: ";
cin>>size;
myclass obj(size);
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
{
cout<<"enter element "<<i+1<<":";
cin>>num;
obj.input_num(i,num);
}
cout<<"
elements have the following values
";
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
{
cout<<"element "<<i+1<<":";
cout<<obj.output_num(i);
cout<<"
";
}
}Good-Bye!
Related Articles:
One of the important feature that a Web 2.0 language needs is an XML parser. Run BASIC now has one built in. The XMLPARSER statement parses an XML string and returns an XML accessor object with a bunch of handy built-in methods for making your way through an XML document.
Here is a simple example of what that sort of code looks like:
a$ = "<program name=""myprog"" author=""Carl Gundel""/>"
xmlparser #parser, a$
print #parser key$()
for x = 1 to #parser attribCount()
key$ = #parser attribKey$(x)
print key$; ", ";
print #parser attribValue$(x)
next x
This short program produces:
program
name, myprog
author, Carl Gundel
And here is a short program which will display the tag names and contents of an artibrarily nested XML document:
xmlparser #doc, s$
print #doc key$()
call displayElements #doc
end
sub displayElements #xmlDoc
count = #xmlDoc elementCount()
for x = 1 to count
#elem = #xmlDoc #element(x)
print "Key: "; #elem key$();
value$ = #elem value$()
if value$ <> "" then
print " Value: "; value$
end if
print
call displayElements #elem
next x
end sub
In the most recent version of IVM interactive voice response software, v5.03 added a new speech recognition feature that allows the automated system to accept speech commands in addition to key presses as responses. This gives callers added flexibility when navigating an IVR system.So Jon and I tried a new restaurant this evening in Barrhaven. It is called Chillies, although there may be more to the name than that. It is located in the Sobey’s strip mall on Greenbank north of Strandherd. The restaurant is near the Quiznos restaurant, about half way down from the grocery store.
This was only their 3rd day open and there was definitely some traffic, not bad for a Monday in a new restaurant. They do take out, but the sit in service is very good and the décor is nice. A kind of modern feel with separators between most tables for a small level or privacy.
I forgot to bring a camera (we did not start out going here, but Jon remembered it at the last minute and we changed direction) so I had to shoot what little I could on the Galaxy S3. It did an adequate job, though, as the décor comes out quite clearly.
I started with a Mango Lasse, which I try in every restaurant. Theirs is quite nice, although the more milk-shake like thickness and stronger flavour at Haveli’s still has that one as the top Lasse for my taste. Still, I drank every drop so it was perfectly tasty.
What really shone, though, was the food. We did not get creative, wanting instead to try two dishes we’ve had in many places to get a good comparison. We had Vindaloo Beef and Butter Chicken. We also asked for two Naan bread and of course the complementary Basmati Rice.
Well, we were blown away.
The Vindaloo is an off menu item, but as soon as we mentioned it he said that they could do it. And I am very glad they did. Thick and rich with a generous portion and a fair bit of “kick” … just how we like it. We like it better than our other local favourite – Karara. The Butter chicken was also a treat, although Jon is not a fan in general. I have always liked butter chicken so long as it was not overwhelmed by cream (as it is sometimes at The Clay Oven in Winnipeg.)
It was tough to get through it all, but we soldiered through
I have to give this place a very high recommendation. Great food, prices are good, service is very good. Unfortunately, I cannot find an online reference so if you did not receive a flyer in your mail box (I don’t recall getting one) then you might just have to drive there to try it. It will be worth it …
This approximates how my street looked to my eyes when there was not a single light on anywhere for half an hour in the middle of the night.
I really like this and would like to see street lights suppressed for several hours every night. We would save a fortune and astronomers would benefit hugely … it is so unfortunate that there was cloud last night while this was going on …
The same image processed for visibility of features. Note that it was quite windy (and felt bitterly cold as a result) so the branches are clearly moving …
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